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Passive antibody transfer to mice has provided useful insights but does not produce the full spectrum of the human disease. Treatment approaches and experimental studies have largely focused on the pathogenic role of these autoantibodies. A key recent development was the discovery of autoantibodies to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in some cases of encephalitis, characterized by cognitive changes, memory loss, and seizures that could lead to long-term morbidity or mortality. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw0044Īutoimmune receptor encephalitis in mice induced by active immunization with conformationally stabilized holoreceptorsĪutoimmunity to membrane proteins in the central nervous system has been increasingly recognized as a cause of neuropsychiatric disease. “Autoimmune receptor encephalitis in mice induced by active immunization with conformationally stabilized holoreceptors”. The animal model provides a unique opportunity to recognize early signs of the disease and to develop therapeutic approaches that could precisely target the site on the receptor, known as an epitope, that is attacked by the immune system.Įrik Robinson – Oregon Health & Science University Almost 90% of mice developed signs that mimicked the human disease.Īccording to the research team, the development of an animal model is important because there are few samples of brain tissue from people who have developed the disease. Westbrook’s collaboration with Gouaux’s team started three years ago when they developed a strategy to model the disease by active immunization of mice with the fully formed NMDA receptor. “If we know the exact site, one could potentially intervene early to abort the progression of the disease,” Westbrook said. Westbrook, also the Dixon professor of neurology in the OHSU School of Medicine, said the animal model will be especially useful in determining the distinct site or sites on the NMDA receptor that trigger disease.

“It’s a human disease that we don’t know enough about,” Westbrook said. The disease in people occurs unexpectedly when antibodies produced by the body’s own immune system attack NMDA receptors in the brain. With that information, researchers could specifically block the damaging autoimmune reaction and test new therapeutic strategies using their newly developed model for the disease in mice. Crucial for learning and memory, these receptors are required for the formation of new memories in the hippocampus of humans and animals and have been implicated in several neurological and psychiatric conditions including Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, and depression. NMDA receptors are present in almost every neuron in the brain. In 2014, Gouaux, also a senior scientist in the Vollum and investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, published an unprecedented three-dimensional view of the NMDA receptor in the journal Nature. “The goal is a cure that is specific to this disease,” said senior author Gary Westbrook, M.D., a senior scientist in the Vollum Institute.īrian Jones, a doctoral student in OHSU’s neuroscience graduate program, and Westbrook collaborated with scientists in the lab of co-author Eric Gouaux, Ph.D. Scientists with the Vollum Institute at OHSU in Portland, Oregon, say the discovery clears the way for developing a near-atomic image of how the immune system attacks the NMDA receptor. The study, published today in the journal Science Translational Medicine, reports an original animal model for this puzzling disease.

The disease is characterized by intellectual changes, severe memory loss, seizures, and even death. The autoimmune disease is triggered by an attack on one of the key neurotransmitter receptors in the brain, the NMDA receptor.

Cerebro en llamas movie#

Scientists have developed an animal model that may provide a path toward improving the diagnosis and treatment of the devastating brain disease chronicled in the bestselling autobiography “Brain on Fire.” The book, along with a 2017 movie by the same name, traces newspaper reporter Susannah Cahalan’s harrowing descent into the throes of the disease. Source: Oregon Health & Science University The disease occurs when antibodies attack NMDA receptors in the brain, leading to memory loss, intellectual changes, seizures, and death. Summary: A rare autoimmune disorder popularized by the autobiography and movie “Brain on Fire” is triggered by an attack on NMDA receptors.